Gray-zone & maritime law enforcement

Materials on activities below the threshold of armed conflict and the role of coast guards and maritime militia.

85 documents — Page 1 of 4

202615 Sep 2026
Chapter 5 The South China Sea and Regional Security
Rosalie Arcala Hall · De Gruyter Handbook of Global Security Challenges
Book chapterPublished in Germany · Academic
202614 May 2026
Chinese Marine Survey Vessels as a Security Issue
安全保障問題としての中国海洋調査船
毛利亜樹 · 「中国と海洋権益・海洋秩序」研究会 2026－1号
Research reportPublished in Japan · Independent think tankOpen access
202627 Feb 2026
Coercion and Restraint in the South China Sea: China's Differentiated Assertiveness towards the Philippines and Vietnam
Joseph Ching Velasco · Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs
Peer-reviewed articlePublished in United States · AcademicOpen access
202620 Feb 2026
China's Maritime Security Strategy in the South China Sea
Binh Thi Tran, Uyen Le Phuc Nguyen · Emerging Maritime Security Strategies of Global Powers
Book chapterPublished in United States · Academic
20263 Feb 2026
Understanding Non-Compliance with Rights-Based Fisheries Management In Vietnam
Bui Bich Xuan, Quach Thi Khanh Ngoc et al. · Environmental and Resource Economics
Peer-reviewed articlePublished in Netherlands · Academic
20269 Jan 2026
Law enforcement issues in the disputed maritime areas: apples and pears for the coastal states
Mehran Idris Khan · Frontiers in Marine Science
Peer-reviewed articlePublished in Switzerland · AcademicOpen access
20251 Nov 2025
International Law as a Driver of Confrontation? UNCLOS and China’s Policy in the South China Sea
Andrew Chubb · European Journal of International Law
Peer-reviewed articlePublished in United Kingdom · AcademicOpen access
202528 Oct 2025
China’s ratification of the agreement on port state measures to prevent, deter and eliminate illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing: driving factors, challenges and possible pathways
Xidi Chen, Lei Wang · Frontiers in Marine Science
Peer-reviewed articlePublished in Switzerland · State-affiliatedOpen access
20256 Jun 2025
Different Strokes: Indonesian Statecraft in the North Natuna Sea
Halimah Dewi Irawan, Paul J. Carnegie · Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs
Peer-reviewed articlePublished in United States · Academic
2025Apr 2025
The National Reputation Factor in China’s Coercive Defense of Rights in the South China Sea
中國在南海強制維權下的國家聲譽因素
陳偉華 · 遠景基金會季刊 (The Prospect Quarterly)
Peer-reviewed articlePublished in Taiwan · State-affiliatedOpen access
202517 Feb 2025
From extraction to surveillance: Re-territorialisation of Vietnam’s ocean frontier through fisheries reforms
Alin Kadfak, Melissa Marschke et al. · Maritime Studies
Peer-reviewed articlePublished in Netherlands · AcademicOpen access
2025Year only
Improving China’s maritime law enforcement operations against overfishing in the South China Sea—Based on a comparison with the Indonesian law enforcement system against IUU Fishing
Minyou Yu, Weizhe Liu · PLOS ONE
Peer-reviewed articlePublished in United States · AcademicOpen access
2025Year only
Strategic Use of the Maritime Militia in the South China Sea – The Case of Vietnam
Dieu-My Tran · Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy
Peer-reviewed articlePublished in Netherlands · Academic
202418 Dec 2024
The Philippine Challenge to China's Military-Strategic Position in the South China Sea
Maximilian Ernst · China's Coercion of States in the Asia-Pacific Region
Book chapterPublished in United Kingdom · Academic
2024Dec 2024
Grey Zone Conflict in the South China Sea: The Challenges for Indonesian Maritime Security Governance
Muhamad Arif, Arie Afriansyah et al. · Contemporary Southeast Asia
Peer-reviewed articlePublished in Singapore · State-affiliated
2024Sep 2024
China's gray zone actions in the East China Sea, Taiwan Strait, and South China Sea: A comparative study and impact on fisheries
Wei-Chung Chen, Ching-Hsiewn Ou et al. · Marine Policy
Peer-reviewed articlePublished in Netherlands · AcademicOpen access
20247 Jul 2024
The South China Sea Dispute and Regional Response
Md Rubel Mia, Jill L. Tao et al. · Quest Journal of Management and Social Sciences
Peer-reviewed articlePublished in Nepal · Academic
202429 Mar 2024
Countering Coercion: Managing Chinese Gray Zone Activity in the South China Sea and Indian Ocean Region
Lisa Curtis, Nilanthi Samaranayake · Center for a New American Security
Research reportPublished in United States · Independent think tankOpen access
20242 Feb 2024
The South China Sea fishing crisis: the overlooked role of Chinese subnational governments
Hongzhou Zhang · The Pacific Review
Peer-reviewed articlePublished in United Kingdom · Academic
2024Year only
Testing Indonesia’s decisiveness: Vietnam’s continuous presence in the North Natuna Seas
Bama Andika Putra · Frontiers in Political Science
Peer-reviewed articlePublished in Switzerland · AcademicOpen access
202319 Dec 2023
Deciphering the maritime diplomatic properties of Malaysia's oil and gas explorations in the South China Sea
Bama Andika Putra · Frontiers in Political Science
Peer-reviewed articlePublished in Switzerland · AcademicOpen access
202313 Sep 2023
Avoiding and exploiting the tragedy of the commons: fishing, crime, and conflict in the South China Sea
Kristi Govella · International Politics
Peer-reviewed articlePublished in Germany · Academic
202310 Aug 2023
Natuna Waters: Explaining a Flashpoint between Indonesia and China
Damos Dumoli Agusman · Indonesian Journal of International Law
Peer-reviewed articlePublished in Indonesia · AcademicOpen access
2023Aug 2023
Challenges Toward a Rule-based Order in the South China Sea
Ai Nhan Ho · Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs
Peer-reviewed articlePublished in India · Academic